Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus which attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. This virus is mainly transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person. Hepatitis D is a liver disease in both acute and chronic forms caused by the hepatitis D virus which is a defective virus since it requires hepatitis B for its replication. The virus is mainly transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person. A vaccine against hepatitis B is the only method to prevent hepatitis D infection.

Liver transplantation surgery technique replaces a failing or diseased liver with one that is normal and healthy. Liver transplantation Surgery is the only cure for liver insufficiency or liver failure because no device or machine reliably performs all of the functions of the liver. The liver is an essential organ which serves critical functions including making proteins and blood clotting factors, metabolism of drugs and toxins, removing degradation products of normal body metabolism and synthesis of many important proteins and enzymes. There are three main types of liver transplant such as Orthotopic transplant, Living donor transplant, Split donation. 

Cirrhosis is a complication of liver disease which involves loss of liver cells and irreversible scarring of the liver. It is a condition that is defined histopathologically and has a variety of complications and clinical manifestations some of which can be life-threatening. The major complications of cirrhosis include ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, varices, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatorenal syndrome and coagulation disorders. Patients who have developed complications of their liver disease and have become decompensated should be considered for liver transplantation.

Liver cancer, also called as hepatic cancer or which arises in the liver. Liver cancer is usually difficult to detect at its primary stage, thus making it difficult to get cure. The most common types are hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. The leading cause of liver cancer is cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or alcohol. Symptoms of liver cancer may include a lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage, swelling of the abdomen, yellowish skin, easy bruising, weight loss, and weakness. 

Liver diseases are generally difficult to diagnose because its symptoms can be unclear and easily confused with other health problems. In some cases, a person may have no symptoms at all but the liver may already have suffered significant damage. Diagnosis of liver disease is mainly based on initial history and physical examination.

Pancreatitis is an inflammation in the pancreas. Pancreatic damage occurs when the digestive enzymes are been activated before they get released into the small intestine and thus begins to attack the pancreas. Mainly there are two form of pancreatitis such as acute and chronic. Pancreatitis may also be classified as hereditary pancreatitis and necrotizing pancreatitis. Other disorders of the pancreas include endocrine and exocrine syndromes, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Normally, Moderate cases of pancreatitis may go away easily without treatment, but serious cases can cause life-threatening complications.

Metabolic liver disease is a disorder in which abnormal chemical reactions in the body disrupt the body’s metabolism. When this happens, the body has too much of some substances or too little of others to stay healthy.

Pancreatic cancer is caused by the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells in the pancreas,  a large gland that's part of the digestive system.  It typically spreads rapidly to nearby organs. There are many types of pancreatic cancer , the most common type is pancreatic adenocarcinoma The most common symptoms of pancreatic cancer includes yellow skin, unexplained weight loss, abdominal or back pain, light-colored stools, dark urine and loss of appetite. Pancreatic cancer is difficult to diagnose, and the diagnosis is often made late in the course of the disease.

Hepatitis C is caused by the hepatitis C virus which can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis, ranging in severity from a mild illness. The hepatitis C virus is a blood borne virus and the modes of infection are through exposure to small quantities of blood. This may happen through injection drug use, unsafe injection practices, unsafe health care, and the transfusion of unscreened blood and blood products. There is currently no vaccine for hepatitis C.

Liver failure also called as hepatic insufficiency is a severe deterioration in liver function. It is mainly caused by a disorder or substance that damages the liver. Hepatic failure can either be acute or chronic. Symptoms of hepatic failure includes , nausea , jaundice , bruising or bleeding easily ,edema or fluid buildup in the legs, a loss of appetite and fatigue. Treatment generally involves limiting sodium in the diet, controlling protein consumption, completely avoiding alcohol, and treating the cause, but sometimes liver transplantation is required.

Fatty liver, or steatosis, is a term that describes the buildup of fat in the liver. It is a reversible condition that can be resolved with changed behaviors. It often has no symptoms. However, some feel discomfort in the abdomen at the level of the liver, fatigue, a general feeling of being unwell and vague discomfort.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis and non ketotic hyperosmolar coma. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney failure, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes.

Gastroenterology is the study of detailed understanding of the physiology of the gastrointestinal organs including the movement of material through the stomach and intestine the digestion and absorption of nutrients into the body, removal of waste from the system, and the function of the liver as a digestive organ.